Abstract: Driven by current demand, wireless sensor network localization has become a hot research field. First, in this paper, the research on wireless sensor network localization is summarized from three aspects: localization method, localization technology, and localization principle. Second, three localization algorithms based on wireless sensor networks are described. Third, the hot issues on wireless sensor network positioning are described. Aiming at the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) interference problem in localization research, the research status of the NLOS error is analyzed from two aspects: numerical and statistical characteristics. In addition, the localization methods of wireless sensor networks based on multi-sensor fusion are analyzed and summarized. Finally, the challenges of applying wireless sensor network localization are discussed.