Abstract: An intelligent optimal setting control strategy based on case-based reasoning(CBR) method for controlling the electroslag remelting(ESR) process is proposed according to the ESR technics characteristic,operation experiences and history database.Rough set theory is adopted to obtain the knowledge from a great lot of historical data accumulated in previous cases so as to build a case database summarizing the typical operation conditions of ESR process.The case search,revision and storage method in the CBR process are illustrated in detail.The proposed control strategy is successfully used in a certain ESR production process.It obtains a stabilization of technical target and a better industrial application.