Abstract: To solve the multi-objective permutation flow shop scheduling problem, a hybrid algorithm based on the firefly algorithm is proposed. The hybrid algorithm considers the firefly algorithm as the framework, and the NEH model and machine coding are used to initialize the population, thereby ensuring the diversity of the initial population while improving the quality of the initial population. The information between workpieces and the information between workpieces and machines are captured by the probability matrix. In addition, the information in the probability matrix is used to combine blocks, and the blocks are used to improve the convergence speed and increase the diversity of feasible solutions. Simulation results of Reeves suites in OR-library and a comparison with other excellent algorithms validate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.