考虑末端执行机构动力学特性的轨迹光顺方法

Trajectory Smoothing Method Considering the Dynamics Characteristics of the End Actuator

  • 摘要: 直角坐标下点胶机器人末端执行机构的柔性会导致运动过程中在拐角处极易产生振动,进而导致点胶过程中的轮廓误差。为了减小这一误差,提出了一种考虑末端执行机构动力学特性的轨迹光顺方法。首先将待光顺的轨迹输入点胶机器人末端执行器的动力学仿真模型中,输出实际的轨迹曲线;再根据实际轨迹曲线与目标轨迹曲线之间的误差,对路径曲线进行优化调整;最后将路径拟合为C2连续的B样条曲线,重新生成速度规划,完成整个轨迹光顺过程。实验结果表明:该算法能够使得运动过程中的位移、速度和加速度均保持连续,提升了轨迹的光顺程度,同时大幅减小了在拐角处实际轨迹与目标轨迹之间的轮廓误差,轮廓误差平均减小约39.65%,轮廓误差均方根值减小30.74%,有利于点胶精度的提高。

     

    Abstract: During motion, vibrations are easily generated at corners due to the flexibility of the end actuator in Cartesian coordinate dispensing robots, leading to contour errors in the dispensing process. To reduce this error, we propose a trajectory-smoothing method that accounts for the dynamic characteristics of the end effector in robotics. First, the trajectory to be smoothed is input into the dynamic simulation model of the dispensing end effector of the robot, and the actual trajectory curve is generated. Then, based on the contour error between the actual trajectory curve and the target trajectory curve, the path curve is optimized and adjusted. Finally, the path is fitted to a C2-continuous B-spline curve, a new speed planning strategy is generated, and the entire trajectory smoothing process is completed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm ensures continuous displacement, velocity, and acceleration during motion, substantially improving fluid dispensing robot trajectory smoothness. Additionally, it dramatically reduces contour errors at corners, achieving an average contour error reduction of 39.65% and a root mean square contour error reduction of 30.74%, thereby enhancing dispensing accuracy.

     

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