Abstract: Fish capable of high-speed movement have many morphological adaptation characteristics related to improving swimming performance, which are of great reference significance for the development of high-speed bionic robotic fish. However, in previous studies, there have been relatively few discussions on the morphological effects of fish bodies. We investigate how the morphological characteristics of fast-swimming fish inspire the design of high-speed bionic robotic fish and identify key factors for enhancing their swimming performance. By reviewing typical swimming patterns and associated morphological features, we summarize that fast-swimming species commonly exhibit streamlined body shapes and efficient propulsion mechanisms. Then we systematically analyze the current progress in hydrodynamic optimization and motion control of high-speed bionic robotic fish, with an evaluation of the relationships among propulsion modes, mechanical structures, and swimming performance. Results show that several prototypes have achieved swimming speeds of 1 m/s or higher, with the fastest reaching 3.7 m/s, and have been deployed in various practical scenarios. Nonetheless, limitations persist in propulsion efficiency, maneuverability, and energy consumption. Furthermore, we discuss the critical technical challenges, including lightweight structural design, autonomous control, and coordinated propulsion dynamics. Finally, we propose the future development directions and application prospects to provide theoretical and technical guidance for the advancement of next-generation high-speed bionic robotic fish.