基于IGNN的航空发动机剩余使用寿命预测

Research on remaining useful life prediction based on improved graph neural network

  • 摘要: 针对传统卷积神经网络(CNN)、循环神经网络(RNN)及图神经网络(GNN)模型在处理剩余使用寿命(RUL)多元时间序列(MTS)时,或仅关注时间依赖性而忽略空间依赖性,或分别对2类依赖性进行建模,均无法有效捕获不同时间戳下不同传感器间的相关性(DEDT)的问题,提出了一种全连接(FC)时空图神经网络方法,包括FC图构建和FC图卷积2个关键部分。对于图的构建,根据传感器的时间距离设计衰减图来连接所有时间戳上的传感器,通过引入DEDT之间的相关性来显式建模时空(ST)依赖关系。同时,设计了含移动池化GNN层的FC图卷积,以高效捕获局部ST依赖关系,避免全局图卷积的高计算复杂度,并利用时序池化动态提取高级特征,提升模型泛化能力。在NASA C-MAPSS航空发动机MTS基准数据集上开展了对比仿真、消融仿真等多项实验。实验结果表明,所提方法优于现有先进方法,为RUL预测提供了一种新的解决方案。

     

    Abstract: Remaining useful life (RUL) prediction is an important process of prediction and health management ( PHM ). Traditional CNN, RNN and GNN mainly focus on the time dependence of RUL multivariate time series (MTS), ignoring the spatial dependence, or capturing the spatial dependence and time dependence respectively, and cannot capture the correlation between different sensors at different timestamps ( DEDT ). To address this problem, we propose a fully connected spatio-temporal graph neural network method, which includes two key parts: FC graph construction and FC graph convolution. For the construction of the graph, we design an attenuation graph according to the temporal distance between the sensors to connect the sensors on all timestamps, and model the ST dependency fully modeled by considering the correlation between DEDTs. In addition, we design a FC graph convolution with a mobile pooling GNN layer to effectively capture ST dependencies and learn effective representations, avoiding the high computational complexity of global graph convolution. In addition, temporal pooling is employed to dynamically extract high-level features, thereby improving the generalization ability of the model. A number of experiments such as comparative simulation and ablation simulation are carried out on the NASA C-MAPSS aero-engine MTS benchmark dataset. The results show that the proposed method is superior to the existing advanced methods, offering a new solution for RUL prediction.

     

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