基于PMBM滤波器的点和扩展目标共存下多机动目标跟踪算法

Multi-maneuvering Coexisting Point and Extended Target Tracking Algorithm Based on PMBM Filtering

  • 摘要: 针对单一运动模型难以应对目标运动多样性与机动性以及点目标与扩展目标可能同时存在并在特定条件下会相互转换的问题,提出了一种基于多模型的点和扩展目标共存的泊松多伯努利混合(MM-GM-GGIW-PMBM)滤波的多目标跟踪方法。首先,基于跳变马尔可夫系统下的机动目标多模型建模推导了目标运动模型的概率质量函数。其次,将多目标状态增广为包含点目标和扩展目标的混合状态,并建立点目标概率以判断目标类型。为了推导出解析实现方案,将点目标建模为高斯分布,扩展目标建模为伽马高斯逆威沙特分布,并根据PMBM滤波器更新点和扩展目标共存下的多目标后验概率密度函数和运动模型概率。最后,计算出更新后的点目标概率和运动模型概率,并同时估计出目标类型、运动模型、运动状态以及扩展目标的泊松量测率和扩展状态。该方法突破了基于随机有限集跟踪方法仅处理单一运动模型目标的限制,实现了对点与扩展目标的统一建模与协同跟踪。仿真实验结果表明,所提算法在点目标与扩展目标共存且可能发生相互转换的多机动目标场景中,多目标跟踪性能优于单模型或单目标类型的跟踪算法,能够准确区分各个时刻目标的类型,同时正确地估计出机动目标的运动模型。

     

    Abstract: Aiming at the problems that a single motion model is insufficient to address the diversity and maneuverability of target motion, and that point targets and extended targets may coexist and transition under specific conditions, we propose a multi-target tracking method based on the coexistence of point and extended targets using a Poisson Multi-Bernoulli Mixture filter with multiple-model (MM-GM-GGIW-PMBM). First, based on the multi-model modeling of maneuvering target within a jump Markov system, we derive the probability mass function of the target motion model. Second, we expand the multi-target state into a hybrid state representation that includes both point and extended targets, with a point target probability introduced to classify the target type. To obtain an analytical implementation, the point target is modeled as the Gaussian distribution, while the extended target is modeled as the Gamma Gaussian Inverse Wishart distribution. The multi-target posterior probability density function and motion model probabilities under the coexisting point and extended targets are then updated using the PMBM filter. Finally, the updated point target probability and motion model probabilities are computed to jointly estimate the target type, motion model, kinematic state, as well as the Poisson measurement rate and extended state of the extended target. This method overcomes the limitations of traditional random finite set-based tracking approaches, which rely on a single motion model, by enabling unified modeling and collaborative tracking of both point and extended target. Simulation results demonstrate that in multi-maneuvering target scenarios where point and extended targets coexist and may transition into each other, the proposed algorithm outperforms single-model or single-target-type tracking methods. It can accurately identify target types at each time step and simultaneously estimate the correct motion model for maneuvering targets.

     

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