Abstract: A collaborative optimal scheduling method considering energy-carbon trading is proposed to address insufficient coupling between energy and carbon allowance trading, fixed trading prices, and inappropriate inter-regional benefit allocation in multi-region hydrogen-based integrated energy systems. A collaborative scheduling model incorporating inter-regional peer-to-peer electricity, heat, cooling, and carbon allowance trading is constructed and formulated as a Nash bargaining cooperative game problem; this problem is further equivalently decomposed into two subproblems, coalition cost minimization and trading benefit allocation, which are solved sequentially using a distributed optimization algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) with a variable penalty factor to obtain inter-regional trading volumes and prices for energy and carbon allowances. In a case study of a typical winter day involving three regions, the total system scheduling cost and actual total carbon emissions are reduced by 2.97% and 4.59%, respectively, compared with independent regional scheduling. Nash bargaining-based benefit allocation reduces the scheduling cost of each region under cooperation below its independent scheduling cost, thereby satisfying the economic requirements for each region to participate in cooperation.