Abstract: In this paper, we first introduce the development of a global navigation satellite system and analyze its performance. By combining our research results and the application of a train positioning technology that uses domestic and international satellite navigation systems, we divide the train positioning technology into four categories. Then, we comprehensively analyze the performance of the train positioning technology with respect to accuracy, effectiveness, and safety integrity; summarize the existing problems; and suggest solutions. Finally, we make recommendations regarding the future development of high-speed train positioning technology based on satellite navigation.