基于深度学习的自动驾驶安全规范生成方法

Deep Learning Approach to Safety Specification Generation for Autonomous Driving

  • 摘要: 针对自动驾驶系统在动态交通环境下面临网络攻击的威胁,现有安全规范构建方法难以同时覆盖功能安全、信息安全与预期功能安全等多源安全需求问题,提出了一种面向自动驾驶系统的安全规范生成框架。首先,基于多源安全需求构建了统一的信号时序逻辑(STL)语义空间,为规范生成提供形式化语义基础。其次,结合参数化场景建模与攻击注入机制,构建了覆盖正常行为与攻击诱发行为的自动驾驶场景,从而为规范生成提供结构化轨迹空间。最后,设计了基于Transformer的结构与参数协同学习模型,通过双分支推断机制生成STL安全规范。高保真仿真与实物实验的结果表明,所提方法在多类驾驶场景与攻击条件下均能稳定生成具有明确物理语义的STL安全规范,结构预测准确率达到89.1%,并且对安全距离、剩余碰撞时间等关键参数均达到91.0%以上的预测准确率。

     

    Abstract: To address the difficulty of existing specification generation methods in simultaneously covering heterogeneous safety requirements, including functional safety, cybersecurity, and safety of the intended functionality, under the cyber attacks in dynamic traffic environments, we propose a specification generation framework for autonomous driving systems. Firstly, we construct a unified signal temporal logic (STL) semantic space based on heterogeneous requirements, providing a formal semantic foundation for specification generation. Secondly, we combine parameterized scenario modeling and attack-injection mechanisms to construct autonomous driving scenarios that cover both nominal and attack-induced behaviors, thereby forming a structured trajectory space for specification generation. Finally, we design a Transformer-based collaborative structure-parameter learning model, in which a dual-branch inference mechanism is employed to generate STL specifications. Results from high-fidelity simulation and physical experiments show that the proposed approach can stably generate STL specifications with clear physical semantics across diverse driving scenarios and attack conditions, with a structure prediction accuracy of 89.1% and prediction accuracies above 91.0% for critical parameters, such as safe distance and time-to-collision (TTC).

     

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