Abstract: Based on the neuronal model and learning algorithm of neural network theory,an active queue management(AQM) algorithm called SNAPI(Single Neuron-based Adaptive PI controller) is presented.SNAPI employs single neuron to adjust control parameters of the Proportional-Integral(PI) controller online according to the system error to adapt the dynami-cally changing network parameters.Using the Nyquist stability criterion,this paper gives the local stability conditions around the system equilibrium point.Finally,simulations are made to verify the SNAPI algorithm and to compare its performance with that of the fixed-parameter PI algorithm.