自主驾驶车辆的预测避障控制

Predictive Obstacle-avoidance Control for Autonomous Vehicle

  • 摘要: 针对自主驾驶车辆的避障问题,提出一种基于人类驾驶行为的预测避障控制方案.首先参照人类的驾驶行为提出一种安全驾驶策略,然后结合预瞄点搜索算法规划出期望的侧向行驶位移和纵向行驶速度.最后在采用运动学公式求解侧向位移的基础上,设计出线性的模型预测控制器来对车辆进行转向控制,使其跟踪上期望的行驶轨迹;同时为使被控车辆获得期望的行驶速度,设计PID(proportional integral derivative)控制器对车辆的纵向速度进行控制.为验证该方案的有效性,在不同路面条件下进行仿真实验.结果表明,被控车辆在行驶过程中能有效地避开动态障碍车辆.

     

    Abstract: A predictive obstacle-avoidance control approach based on human driving behavior is presented in order to solve the problem of obstacle avoidance for autonomous vehicles. First,a safe-driving strategy based on human driving behaviors is proposed. Next,the desired lateral displacement and the desired longitudinal velocity are obtained by combining it with the search algorithm of the preview point. Finally,the kinematics formulae are adopted to calculate the actual value of the lateral displacement,and according to this,a linear model predictive controller is designed to control the vehicle's steering in order to track the desired trajectory. At the same time,a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller for longitudinal velocity control is designed to make the vehicle obtain the desired longitudinal velocity. To verify the validity of the proposed method,simulations under different road conditions are conducted. The simulation results show that the controlled vehicle can effectively avoid dynamic obstacles and vehicles during the running process.

     

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